SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Table wine</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Table wine</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<p><b>Table wine</b> (rarely abbreviated TW) is a <a href="Glossary_of_wine_terms" title="Glossary of wine terms">wine term</a> with two different meanings: a style of <a href="Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> and a quality level within <a href="Classification_of_wine" title="Classification of wine">wine classification</a>.

</p><p>In the <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the term primarily designates a wine style: an ordinary wine that is not <a href="Fortified_wine" title="Fortified wine">fortified</a> or expensive and is not usually <a href="Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">sparkling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the <a href="European_Union_wine_regulations" title="European Union wine regulations">European Union wine regulations</a>, the term is the lower of two overall quality categories, the higher of which is <i><a href="Quality_wines_produced_in_specified_regions" title="Quality wines produced in specified regions">quality wines produced in specified regions</a></i> (QWPSR). All levels of national wine classification systems within the EU correspond to either TW or QWPSR, although the terms that actually appear on <a href="Wine_label" title="Wine label">wine labels</a> are defined by national <a href="Wine_law" title="Wine law">wine laws</a> with the EU regulations as a framework.

</p><p>Most EU countries have a national classification called <i>table wine</i> in the country's official language. Examples include <i>vin de table</i> in <a href="France" title="France">France</a>, <i>vino da tavola</i> or sometimes <i>vino da pasto</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>pasto</i> meaning <i>meal</i>) in <a href="Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <i>vino de mesa</i> in <a href="Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <i>vinho de mesa</i> in <a href="Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <i>vin de masă</i> in <a href="Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <i>Tafelwein</i> in <a href="Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, and <i>επιτραπέζιος οίνος</i> (<i>epitrapézios oínos</i>) in <a href="Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. These classifications generally represent the lowest level of classification in their country.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2></div>

<p>The <a href="Alcohol_and_Tobacco_Tax_and_Trade_Bureau" title="Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau">Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau</a> and <a href="Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a> define table wine as <a href="Grape" title="Grape">grape</a> wine having a maximum alcoholic content of 14 percent <a href="Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">alcohol by volume</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wines between 14% and 24% ABV are known as <a href="Dessert_wine" title="Dessert wine">dessert wines</a>. Table wine may also be designated using terms such as light wine, light white wine, red table wine, sweet table wine, etc.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="European_Union">European Union</h2></div>

<p><a href="European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> guidelines stipulate that all wine produced must fall into one of two categories: <i>table wine</i> or the superior <i><a href="Quality_wines_produced_in_specified_regions" title="Quality wines produced in specified regions">quality wines produced in specified regions</a></i> (often referred to as <i>quality wine psr</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-CMO_08_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMO_08-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the category of table wines, a difference is made between "plain" table wines, which are only allowed to display the country of origin, and <i>table wines with geographical indication</i>, which may indicate a region of origin and are a form of <a href="Protected_geographical_indication" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected geographical indication">protected geographical indication</a> (PGI) applied to wine.

</p><p>For the lowest <i>vin de table</i> level in France, the producers must use postal codes to prevent the name of an appellation from appearing even in fine print on the label or its vintage date (though "lot numbers" which can bear a striking resemblance to dates are permitted). The new appellation <i>vin de France</i> permits a vintage date.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_national_table_wine_designations">List of national table wine designations</h3></div>

<p>The following national levels of wine classification correspond to table wines and table wines with geographical indication.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<th>Country</th>

<th>Table wines with geographical indication</th>

<th>Other table wines

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Austria" title="Austria"></a></span></span> <a href="Austrian_wine" title="Austrian wine">Austria</a></td>

<td>Landwein</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Belgium" title="Belgium"></a></span></span> <a href="Belgian_wine" title="Belgian wine">Belgium</a></td>

<td>Landwijn (Dutch), Vin de pays (French)</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Brazil" title="Brazil"></a></span></span> <a href="Brazilian_wine" title="Brazilian wine">Brazil</a></td>

<td>Vinho de Mesa, "Table Wine"

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"></a></span></span> <a href="Bulgarian_wine" title="Bulgarian wine">Bulgaria</a></td>

<td>Pегионално вино (<i>Regionalno vino</i>), "Regional wine"</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Cyprus" title="Cyprus"></a></span></span> <a href="Cypriot_wine" title="Cypriot wine">Cyprus</a></td>

<td>Τοπικός Οίνος (<i>Topikós Oínos</i>), "Regional wine"</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"></a></span></span> <a href="Czech_wine" title="Czech wine">Czech Republic</a></td>

<td>Zemské víno, "Country wine"</td>

<td>Stolní víno, "Table Wine"

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Denmark" title="Denmark"></a></span></span> <a href="Danish_wine" title="Danish wine">Denmark</a></td>

<td>Regional vin, "Regional wine"</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="France" title="France"></a></span></span> <a href="French_wine" title="French wine">France</a></td>

<td><a href="Vin_de_pays" title="Vin de pays">Vin de pays</a>, "Country wine"; <a href="Vin_de_France" title="Vin de France">Vin de France</a> (new category from 2010)</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Germany" title="Germany"></a></span></span> <a href="German_wine" title="German wine">Germany</a></td>

<td>Landwein, "Regional wine"</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Greece" title="Greece"></a></span></span> <a href="Greek_wine" title="Greek wine">Greece</a></td>

<td>ονομασία κατά παράδοση (<i>onomasía katá parádosi</i>), "Traditional appellation"; τοπικός οίνος (<i>topikós oínos</i>), "Country wine"</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Hungary" title="Hungary"></a></span></span> <a href="Hungarian_wine" title="Hungarian wine">Hungary</a></td>

<td>Tájbor, "Country wine"</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Italy" title="Italy"></a></span></span> <a href="Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Italy</a></td>

<td><a href="Indicazione_geografica_tipica" title="Indicazione geografica tipica">Indicazione geografica tipica</a> (IGT), may in some areas also be written in German as <i>Landwein</i> or in French as <i>Vin de pays</i></td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"></a></span></span> <a href="Luxembourg_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg wine">Luxembourg</a></td>

<td><a href="Luxembourg_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg wine">Marque Nationale</a> - <a href="Geographical_indications_and_traditional_specialities_in_the_European_Union#Protected_designation_of_origin_(PDO)" title="Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union">Appellation Contrôlée</a>, "National Brand - Controlled Appellation"</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Malta" title="Malta"></a></span></span> <a href="Maltese_wine" title="Maltese wine">Malta</a></td>

<td><a href="Indicazione_geografica_tipica" title="Indicazione geografica tipica">Indikazzjoni Ġeografika Tipika</a> (I.G.T.)</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands"></a></span></span> <a href="Dutch_wine" title="Dutch wine">Netherlands</a></td>

<td>Landwijn, "Regional wine"</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"></a></span></span> <a href="North_Macedonian_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="North Macedonian wine">North Macedonia</a></td>

<td>Регионално вино, Verë rajonale, "Regional wine"</td>

<td>Трпезно вино, Verë tryeze, "Table wine"

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Portugal" title="Portugal"></a></span></span> <a href="Portuguese_wine" title="Portuguese wine">Portugal</a></td>

<td><a href="Vinho_regional" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinho regional">Vinho regional</a>, "Regional wine"</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Romania" title="Romania"></a></span></span> <a href="Romanian_wine" title="Romanian wine">Romania</a></td>

<td><a href="Indicazione_geografica_tipica" title="Indicazione geografica tipica">Vin cu indicație geografică</a>, "Wine with Geographical Indication"</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Russia" title="Russia"></a></span></span> <a href="Russian_wine" title="Russian wine">Russia</a></td>

<td>Столовое вино (<i>Stolovoye vino</i>), "Table Wine"

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Serbia" title="Serbia"></a></span></span> <a href="Serbian_wine" title="Serbian wine">Serbia</a></td>

<td>Регионално вино (<i>Regionalno vino</i>), "Regional wine"</td>

<td>Стоно вино (<i>Stono vino</i>), "Table Wine"

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Slovenia" title="Slovenia"></a></span></span> <a href="Slovenian_wine" title="Slovenian wine">Slovenia</a></td>

<td>Deželno vino s <a href="Indicazione_geografica_tipica" title="Indicazione geografica tipica">priznano geografsko oznako</a> (Deželno vino PGO), "Regional wine - Recognized Geographical Indication"</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Spain" title="Spain"></a></span></span> <a href="Spanish_wine" title="Spanish wine">Spain</a></td>

<td><a href="Vino_de_la_tierra" title="Vino de la tierra">Vino de la tierra</a>, "Regional wine"</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"></a></span></span> <a href="Wine_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wine from the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td>

<td>Regional wine</td>

<td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><br>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2></div>

<p>The fraction of national production classified as table wine varies dramatically from country to country. As of 2000, in France, a majority (by volume) of wine is <i>vin de table</i>, while in Germany only 5% is <i>deutscher Tafelwein</i>. Table wine from anywhere in the EU can be blended together to produce European table wine.

</p><p>European table wines are generally made from the highest-yielding sites and <a href="Winemaking" title="Winemaking">vinified</a> in an industrial manner. In the 1950s, when per capita consumption of wine was much higher, there was a need for vast quantities of cheap wine, but now much of it goes into the European Union's troublesome "<a href="Wine_lake" title="Wine lake">wine lake</a>". Even today it is possible in France or Spain to purchase a litre of thin, pale wine, packaged in a box rather than a bottle, for the equivalent of a couple of U.S. dollars.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming_contradictions">Naming contradictions</h2></div>

<p>In contradiction to the presumed order, exceptional table wines are uncommon in Europe, but do exist. Ambitious wine-making outcomes may be classified as mere "table wine" if they are made from non-traditional <a href="Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a> or with unconventional <a href="Wine_making" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine making">wine making</a> processes. Even wines made with every measure of care (such as low vine yields and hand harvesting) and grown on sites otherwise entitled to a prestigious appellation may be denied status.

</p><p>The best-known examples are the wines called <a href="Italian_wine#Super_Tuscans" title="Italian wine">Super Tuscans</a>, which are made either with more than allowed quantities of <a href="Grape_varieties" class="mw-redirect" title="Grape varieties">international varieties</a> (grapes not indigenous to Italy such as <a href="Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a> or <a href="Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a>) or without the once mandated inclusion of small proportions of <a href="Canaiolo" title="Canaiolo">Canaiolo</a>, <a href="Malvasia" title="Malvasia">Malvasia</a> and <a href="Trebbiano" title="Trebbiano">Trebbiano</a> per the relevant Tuscan appellation (i.e. Montevertine's Pergole Torte).

</p><p>In 1992, Italy created the <i><a href="Indicazione_geografica_tipica" title="Indicazione geografica tipica">Indicazione geografica tipica</a></i> (IGT) specifically to permit Super Tuscans to leave the table wine classification and become quality wine. Still, wherever legitimacy in a given appellation is stipulated by something more than a geographic boundary, one may find producers willing to ignore limitations in pursuit of extreme quality.

</p><p>In common usage <i>vin de table</i> is the fourth and lowest ranked wine under the French wine classification. These wines are the cheapest to buy and to make (they can be bought from €0,80), and are generally drunk accompanying a midday meal or used to make wine-based cocktails.

</p>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<ul><li><a href="House_wine" title="House wine">House wine</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_grape_varieties" title="List of grape varieties">List of grape varieties</a></li>

<li><a href="Vintage" title="Vintage">Wine vintages</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFJackson2020" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Ronald S. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/table-wines"><i>Table Wines</i></a>. Academic Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>20. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-12-816118-0</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2022</span>. <q>Table wines are subdivided into "still" and "sparkling" categories, depending on the wine's carbon dioxide content.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808234100/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/table_wine">"table wine"</a>. <i>lexico.com</i>. 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/table_wine">the original</a> on August 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2022</span>. <q>Wine of moderate quality considered suitable for drinking with a meal.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glossary.wein.plus/vino-da-pasto">"Vino da Pasto"</a>. <i>wein.plus</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-08</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120907220751/http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=33fc0c0194b58b6fe95208945b5c637a&rgn=div5&view=text&node=27:1.0.1.1.2&idno=27">"27 CFR Subpart C - Standards of Identity for Wine"</a>. <i>law.cornell.edu</i>. T.D. 6521, 25 FR 13835. 29 December 1960. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/27/part-4/subpart-C">the original</a> on 7 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-CMO_08-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CMO_08_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32008R0479">"Document 32009R0491 - Council Regulation (EC) No 491/2009 of 25 May 2009 amending Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 establishing a common organisation of agricultural markets and on specific provisions for certain agricultural products (Single CMO Regulation)"</a>. <i>eur-lex.europa.eu</i>. Official Journal of the European Union. 24 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:193:0060:0139:EN:PDF">Commission Regulation (EC) No 607/2009 of 14 July 2009 laying down certain detailed rules for the implementation of Council Regulation (EC) No 479/2008 as regards protected designations of origin and geographical indications, traditional terms, labelling and presentation of certain wine sector products</a></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wines_and_winemaking95" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Wines_and_winemaking95" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Wine" title="Wine">Wines</a> and <a href="Winemaking" title="Winemaking">winemaking</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wine476" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Wine476" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Annual_growth_cycle_of_grapevines" title="Annual growth cycle of grapevines">Annual growth cycle of grapevines</a></li>

<li><a href="Oenology" title="Oenology">Oenology</a></li>

<li><a href="Vitis#Species" title="Vitis">Species</a></li>

<li><a href="Terroir" title="Terroir">Terroir</a></li>

<li><a href="Veraison" title="Veraison">Veraison</a></li>

<li><a href="Vineyard" title="Vineyard">Vineyard</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Ancient

<ul><li><a href="Phoenicians_and_wine" title="Phoenicians and wine">Phoenicians</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_Greece_and_wine" title="Ancient Greece and wine">Ancient Greece</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_Rome_and_wine" title="Ancient Rome and wine">Ancient Rome</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_in_China" title="Wine in China">China</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_French_wine" title="History of French wine">France</a>

<ul><li><a href="Great_French_Wine_Blight" title="Great French Wine Blight">Great French Wine Blight</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Georgian_wine#History" title="Georgian wine">Georgia</a></li>

<li><a href="New_World_wine" title="New World wine">New World</a>

<ul><li><a href="Judgment_of_Paris_(wine)" title="Judgment of Paris (wine)">Judgment of Paris</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="White_wine" title="White wine">White</a></li>

<li><a href="Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">Sparkling</a></li>

<li><a href="Orange_wine" title="Orange wine">Orange</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Dessert_wine" title="Dessert wine">Dessert</a>

<ul><li><a href="Fortified_wine" title="Fortified wine">Fortified</a></li>

<li><a href="Aromatised_wine" title="Aromatised wine">Aromatized</a></li>

<li><a href="Fruit_wine" title="Fruit wine">Fruit</a></li>

<li><a href="Noble_rot" title="Noble rot">Noble rot</a></li>

<li><a href="Straw_wine" title="Straw wine">Straw</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>Other

<ul>

<li><a href="Natural_wine" title="Natural wine">Natural</a></li>

<li><a href="Biodynamic_wine" title="Biodynamic wine">Biodynamic</a></li>

<li><a href="Organic_wine" title="Organic wine">Organic</a></li>

<li><a href="Kosher_wine" title="Kosher wine">Kosher</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top <a href="List_of_grape_varieties" title="List of grape varieties">grape varieties</a><br>by acreage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="White_wine" title="White wine">White</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Air%C3%A9n" title="Airén">Airén</a></li>

<li><a href="Aligot%C3%A9" title="Aligoté">Aligoté</a></li>

<li><a href="Catarratto" title="Catarratto">Catarratto</a></li>

<li><a href="Cayetana_blanca" title="Cayetana blanca">Cayetana blanca</a></li>

<li><a href="Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a></li>

<li><a href="Chenin_blanc" title="Chenin blanc">Chenin blanc</a></li>

<li><a href="Colombard" title="Colombard">Colombard</a></li>

<li><a href="Glera_(grape)" title="Glera (grape)">Glera</a></li>

<li><a href="Gr%C3%BCner_Veltliner" title="Grüner Veltliner">Grüner Veltliner</a></li>

<li><a href="Macabeo" title="Macabeo">Macabeo</a></li>

<li><a href="M%C3%BCller-Thurgau" title="Müller-Thurgau">Müller-Thurgau</a></li>

<li><a href="Muscat_Blanc_%C3%A0_Petits_Grains" title="Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains">Muscat blanc</a></li>

<li><a href="Muscat_of_Alexandria" title="Muscat of Alexandria">Muscat of Alexandria</a></li>

<li><a href="Palomino_(grape)" title="Palomino (grape)">Palomino</a></li>

<li><a href="Riesling" title="Riesling">Riesling</a></li>

<li><a href="Rkatsiteli" title="Rkatsiteli">Rkatsiteli</a></li>

<li><a href="Sauvignon_blanc" title="Sauvignon blanc">Sauvignon blanc</a></li>

<li><a href="S%C3%A9millon" title="Sémillon">Sémillon</a></li>

<li><a href="Trebbiano" title="Trebbiano">Trebbiano</a></li>

<li><a href="Welschriesling" title="Welschriesling">Welschriesling</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alicante_Bouschet" title="Alicante Bouschet">Alicante Bouschet</a></li>

<li><a href="Barbera" title="Barbera">Barbera</a></li>

<li><a href="Bobal" title="Bobal">Bobal</a></li>

<li><a href="Cabernet_Franc" title="Cabernet Franc">Cabernet Franc</a></li>

<li><a href="Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a></li>

<li><a href="Carignan" title="Carignan">Carignan</a></li>

<li><a href="Cinsaut" title="Cinsaut">Cinsaut</a></li>

<li><a href="Douce_noir" title="Douce noir">Douce noir</a></li>

<li><a href="Gamay" title="Gamay">Gamay</a></li>

<li><a href="Grenache" title="Grenache">Grenache</a></li>

<li><a href="Isabella_(grape)" title="Isabella (grape)">Isabella</a></li>

<li><a href="Malbec" title="Malbec">Malbec</a></li>

<li><a href="Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a></li>

<li><a href="Montepulciano_(grape)" title="Montepulciano (grape)">Montepulciano</a></li>

<li><a href="Mourv%C3%A8dre" title="Mourvèdre">Mourvèdre</a></li>

<li><a href="Pinot_noir" title="Pinot noir">Pinot noir</a></li>

<li><a href="Sangiovese" title="Sangiovese">Sangiovese</a></li>

<li><a href="Syrah" title="Syrah">Syrah</a></li>

<li><a href="Tempranillo" title="Tempranillo">Tempranillo</a></li>

<li><a href="Zinfandel" title="Zinfandel">Zinfandel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_wine-producing_regions" title="List of wine-producing regions">Major regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Old_World_wine" title="Old World wine">Old World</a></li>

<li><a href="New_World_wine" title="New World wine">New World</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Packaging, <a href="Wine_accessory" title="Wine accessory">accessories</a>,<br>and <a href="Storage_of_wine" title="Storage of wine">storage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alternative_wine_closure" title="Alternative wine closure">Alternative wine closure</a></li>

<li><a href="Corkscrew" title="Corkscrew">Corkscrew</a></li>

<li><a href="Decanter" title="Decanter">Decanter</a></li>

<li><a href="Kvevri" title="Kvevri">Kvevri</a></li>

<li><a href="Muselet" title="Muselet">Muselet</a></li>

<li><a href="Port_tongs" title="Port tongs">Port tongs</a></li>

<li><a href="Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_dispenser" title="Wine dispenser">Wine dispenser</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_glass" title="Wine glass">Wine glass</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_label" title="Wine label">Wine label</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Wine_chemistry" title="Wine chemistry">Wine chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aroma_of_wine" title="Aroma of wine">Aroma of wine</a></li>

<li><a href="Acids_in_wine" title="Acids in wine">Acids in wine</a></li>

<li><a href="Phenolic_content_in_wine" title="Phenolic content in wine">Phenolic content in wine</a></li>

<li><a href="Proteins_in_wine" title="Proteins in wine">Proteins in wine</a></li>

<li><a href="Sugars_in_wine" title="Sugars in wine">Sugars in wine</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Classification_of_wine" title="Classification of wine">Classification</a></li>

<li><a href="Oenophilia" title="Oenophilia">Oenophilia</a></li>

<li><a href="Sommelier" title="Sommelier">Sommelier</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_and_food_pairing" title="Wine and food pairing">Wine and food pairing</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_fault" title="Wine fault">Wine fault</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_fraud" title="Wine fraud">Wine fraud</a></li>

<li><a href="Winemaker" title="Winemaker">Winemaker</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_wine_personalities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wine personalities">Wine personalities</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_tasting" title="Wine tasting">Wine tasting</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_tasting_descriptors" title="Wine tasting descriptors">Wine tasting descriptors</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div>

<ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AWine" title="Portal:Wine">Wine portal</a></b></li>

<li><a href="Outline_of_wine" title="Outline of wine">Outline</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_wine_terms" title="Glossary of wine terms">Glossary</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winemaking321" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Winemaking321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Harvest_(wine)" title="Harvest (wine)">Harvest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Late_harvest_wine" title="Late harvest wine">Late harvest wine</a></li>

<li><a href="Noble_rot" title="Noble rot">Noble rot</a></li>

<li><a href="Vintage" title="Vintage">Vintage</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Pressing_(wine)" title="Pressing (wine)">Pressing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acids_in_wine" title="Acids in wine">Deacidification</a></li>

<li><a href="Destemming" class="mw-redirect" title="Destemming">Destemming</a></li>

<li><a href="Chaptalization" title="Chaptalization">Chaptalization</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_press" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine press">Wine press</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Maceration_(wine)" title="Maceration (wine)">Maceration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Carbonic_maceration" title="Carbonic maceration">Carbonic maceration</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Fermentation_in_winemaking" title="Fermentation in winemaking">Fermentation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Malolactic_fermentation" title="Malolactic fermentation">Malolactic fermentation</a></li>

<li><a href="Sparkling_wine_production" title="Sparkling wine production">Sparkling wine production</a></li>

<li><a href="Sugars_in_wine" title="Sugars in wine">Sugars in wine</a></li>

<li><a href="S%C3%BCssreserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Süssreserve">Süssreserve</a></li>

<li><a href="Traditional_method" title="Traditional method">Traditional method</a></li>

<li><a href="Yeast_assimilable_nitrogen" title="Yeast assimilable nitrogen">Yeast assimilable nitrogen</a></li>

<li><a href="Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Aging_of_wine" title="Aging of wine">Aging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Solera" title="Solera">Solera</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other steps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Clarification_and_stabilization_of_wine" title="Clarification and stabilization of wine">Clarification and stabilization of wine</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Winery" title="Winery">Winery</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_viticulture_terms" title="Glossary of viticulture terms">Glossary of viticulture terms</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_winemaking_terms" title="Glossary of winemaking terms">Glossary of winemaking terms</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_tasting_descriptors" title="Wine tasting descriptors">Wine tasting descriptors</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_wine_press" title="History of the wine press">History of the wine press</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a></li>

<li><a href="Terroir" title="Terroir">Terroir</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AWine" title="Portal:Wine">Wine portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox391" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Authority control databases: National </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4184344-7">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-07" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Table_wine&oldid=1304622393">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>